The course aims at demonstrating that the lithosphere and hydrosphere, form a coherent and interactive whole. The first part dealing with the atmosphere and hydrosphere includes discussion of world climates and water resources. The second part is concerned with the lithosphere and the use of its mineral and soils. The third part examines the major factors affecting the distribution of plants and animals, and relate them to environmental management/sustainable development. The fourth part discusses the role of man identifying the major environmental problems such as global warming, energy alternatives, loss of biological diversity, land degradation etc., finally introduce the concept of environmentalism, green ecology etc.